Read, reblog, and resonate!
This is just a friendly little guide on how to use punctuation in dialogue since (at least for me) this isn’t something that I was taught in school and had to learn on my own. That being said, I am not an expert! I don’t have an English degree or anything like that! I’m just an avid reader and writer and wanted to share what I have learned in a concise format.
A lot of this information is from “How to Write Dazzling Dialogue: The Fastest Way to Improve Any Manuscript” by James Scott Bell, “The Best Punctuation Book, Period” by June Casagrande, and “The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation” by Jane Straus, Lester Kaufman, and Tom Stern. If you’re able to get these books, I highly recommend them!
(Also, yes I used Disney quotes for most of my examples lol)
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Rule 1: Dialogue punctuation includes the following:
Period
Comma
Question mark
Exclamation point
Em-dash
Ellipsis
All dialogue will include some sort of punctuation before the closing quotation.
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Rule 2: Punctuation goes inside the quotes.
Correct
“Do you want to build a snowman?” Anna asked.
Correct
“You can’t marry a man you just met,” Elsa said.
Incorrect
“Do you want to build a snowman”? Anna asked.
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Rule 3: Don’t capitalize a pronoun used for dialogue attribution.
Correct
“I was hiding under your porch because I love you,” he said.
Incorrect
“I was hiding under your porch because I love you,” He said.
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Rule 4: Capitalize for action beats.
Correct
“A llama? He’s supposed to be dead!” She slammed her fist on the table.
Incorrect
“A llama? He’s supposed to be dead!” she slammed her fist on the table.
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Rule 5: Use a comma when introducing a quotation, such as when dialogue attribution comes at the beginning. The first word of the dialogue is capitalized.
Correct
Scar leaned forward and said, “Run away, Simba.”
Incorrect
Scar leaned forward and said. “Run away, Simba.”
Incorrect
Scar leaned forward and said, “run away, Simba.”
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Rule 6: Use single quotation marks for quotations within quotations. Punctuation goes inside both quotations (I’ve heard this can vary depending on country).
Correct
“My father said, ‘Everything the light touches is our kingdom.’”
Incorrect
“My father said, ‘Everything the light touches is our kingdom’.”
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Rule 7: If there are two or more sentences, the speaker attribution should be put before or after the first complete phrase.
Correct
Grandmother said, “Great. She brings home a sword. If you ask me, she should’ve brought home a man.”
Correct
“Great,” Grandmother said. “She brings home a sword. If you ask me, she should’ve brought home a man.”
Incorrect
“Great. She brings home a sword. If you ask me, she should’ve brought home a man,” Grandmother said.
(Note: This is a rule I break all the time, but I thought I would include it in this list anyway! Usually when the first sentence or two are very, very, short and go together, but they still need that “breath” of a dialogue tag in between. But it’s a good thing to be aware of!)
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Rule 8: Use commas to interrupt a complete sentence with a dialogue attribution. Don’t capitalize the next word after the comma.
Correct
“Aren’t you,” Hercules said, “a damsel in distress?”
Incorrect
“Aren’t you,” Hercules said, “A damsel in distress?”
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Rule 9: Use ellipses to illustrate a character trailing off, showing hesitation, or a pause.
“Aren’t you… a damsel in distress?”
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Rule 10: Em-dashes can be used for interruptions, indicating simultaneous actions that do not cause an interruption, or a change in thought/tone. Don’t use dialogue attribution after an em-dash.
Another Person Interrupts
Correct
“He would never do anything to hurt me. He—”
Hades threw up his hands. “He’s a guy!”
Correct
Meg said, “He would never do anything to hurt me. He—”
Hades threw up his hands. “He’s a guy!”
Incorrect
“He would never do anything to hurt me. He—” Meg said.
Hades threw up his hands. “He’s a guy!”
Self Interruption
“I—” Hercules reached into his pocket and pulled out a small doll. “I’m an action figure!
Simultaneous Action
“I am surrounded” — Scar dragged his paw over his face — “by idiots.”
Change In Thought/Tone
“It’s not that you’re awkward. I’m awkward. You’re gorgeous — wait, what?”
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Other Notes (these might just be my personal preferences, feel free to ignore)
Don’t use semi-colons in dialogue. Use a period instead.
Use exclamation points sparingly. Extremely sparingly. Maybe once per 10k words or even less.
After using an ellipsis, saying “he/she trailed off” is redundant. Just skip to the next action. The ellipsis already implies someone trailed off.
New speaker (or character action that serves as a response) = New paragraph.
“Said” should be your most commonly used dialogue tag. Any dialogue tag other than “said” or “asked” will stick out to the reader, and should be used sparingly.
If there is anything I missed, got wrong, or should add, PLEASE KINDLY LET ME KNOW! Again, I don’t have an English degree, I’m not a professional, and I’m actually a bit of a pea-brain, but these are the general rules that I know of and follow in my writing.