Black holes are some of the most bizarre and fascinating objects in the cosmos. Astronomers want to study lots of them, but there’s one big problem – black holes are invisible! Since they don’t emit any light, it’s pretty tough to find them lurking in the inky void of space. Fortunately there are a few different ways we can “see” black holes indirectly by watching how they affect their surroundings.
If you’ve spent some time stargazing, you know what a calm, peaceful place our universe can be. But did you know that a monster is hiding right in the heart of our Milky Way galaxy? Astronomers noticed stars zipping superfast around something we can’t see at the center of the galaxy, about 10 million miles per hour! The stars must be circling a supermassive black hole. No other object would have strong enough gravity to keep them from flying off into space.
Two astrophysicists won half of the Nobel Prize in Physics last year for revealing this dark secret. The black hole is truly monstrous, weighing about four million times as much as our Sun! And it seems our home galaxy is no exception – our Hubble Space Telescope has revealed that the hubs of most galaxies contain supermassive black holes.
Technology has advanced enough that we’ve been able to spot one of these supermassive black holes in a nearby galaxy. In 2019, astronomers took the first-ever picture of a black hole in a galaxy called M87, which is about 55 million light-years away. They used an international network of radio telescopes called the Event Horizon Telescope.
In the image, we can see some light from hot gas surrounding a dark shape. While we still can’t see the black hole itself, we can see the “shadow” it casts on the bright backdrop.
Black holes can come in a smaller variety, too. When a massive star runs out of the fuel it uses to shine, it collapses in on itself. These lightweight or “stellar-mass” black holes are only about 5-20 times as massive as the Sun. They’re scattered throughout the galaxy in the same places where we find stars, since that’s how they began their lives. Some of them started out with a companion star, and so far that’s been our best clue to find them.
Some black holes steal material from their companion star. As the material falls onto the black hole, it gets superhot and lights up in X-rays. The first confirmed black hole astronomers discovered, called Cygnus X-1, was found this way.
If a star comes too close to a supermassive black hole, the effect is even more dramatic! Instead of just siphoning material from the star like a smaller black hole would do, a supermassive black hole will completely tear the star apart into a stream of gas. This is called a tidal disruption event.
But what if two companion stars both turn into black holes? They may eventually collide with each other to form a larger black hole, sending ripples through space-time – the fabric of the cosmos!
These ripples, called gravitational waves, travel across space at the speed of light. The waves that reach us are extremely weak because space-time is really stiff.
Three scientists received the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics for using LIGO to observe gravitational waves that were sent out from colliding stellar-mass black holes. Though gravitational waves are hard to detect, they offer a way to find black holes without having to see any light.
We’re teaming up with the European Space Agency for a mission called LISA, which stands for Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. When it launches in the 2030s, it will detect gravitational waves from merging supermassive black holes – a likely sign of colliding galaxies!
So we have a few ways to find black holes by seeing stuff that’s close to them. But astronomers think there could be 100 million black holes roaming the galaxy solo. Fortunately, our Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will provide a way to “see” these isolated black holes, too.
Roman will find solitary black holes when they pass in front of more distant stars from our vantage point. The black hole’s gravity will warp the starlight in ways that reveal its presence. In some cases we can figure out a black hole’s mass and distance this way, and even estimate how fast it’s moving through the galaxy.
For more about black holes, check out these Tumblr posts!
⚫ Gobble Up These Black (Hole) Friday Deals!
⚫ Hubble’s 5 Weirdest Black Hole Discoveries
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.
E.A. Deverell - FREE worksheets (characters, world building, narrator, etc.) and paid courses;
Hiveword - Helps to research any topic to write about (has other resources, too);
BetaBooks - Share your draft with your beta reader (can be more than one), and see where they stopped reading, their comments, etc.;
Charlotte Dillon - Research links;
Writing realistic injuries - The title is pretty self-explanatory: while writing about an injury, take a look at this useful website;
One Stop for Writers - You guys... this website has literally everything we need: a) Description thesaurus collection, b) Character builder, c) Story maps, d) Scene maps & timelines, e) World building surveys, f) Worksheets, f) Tutorials, and much more! Although it has a paid plan ($90/year | $50/6 months | $9/month), you can still get a 2-week FREE trial;
One Stop for Writers Roadmap - It has many tips for you, divided into three different topics: a) How to plan a story, b) How to write a story, c) How to revise a story. The best thing about this? It's FREE!
Story Structure Database - The Story Structure Database is an archive of books and movies, recording all their major plot points;
National Centre for Writing - FREE worksheets and writing courses. Has also paid courses;
Penguin Random House - Has some writing contests and great opportunities;
Crime Reads - Get inspired before writing a crime scene;
The Creative Academy for Writers - "Writers helping writers along every step of the path to publication." It's FREE and has ZOOM writing rooms;
Reedsy - "A trusted place to learn how to successfully publish your book" It has many tips, and tools (generators), contests, prompts lists, etc. FREE;
QueryTracker - Find agents for your books (personally, I've never used this before, but I thought I should feature it here);
Pacemaker - Track your goals (example: Write 50K words - then, everytime you write, you track the number of the words, and it will make a graphic for you with your progress). It's FREE but has a paid plan;
Save the Cat! - The blog of the most known storytelling method. You can find posts, sheets, a software (student discount - 70%), and other things;
I hope this is helpful for you!
(Also, check my blog if you want to!)
Sometimes I feel like I'm living in a cage
Or should I call it #theDigitalAge ?
And I must tell you, it's loud in here.
I see and hear everyone too much.
Being called out by memes, and
Feeling left out on trends.
Photoshop making grass a little greener
While I filter out my blues.
I send you LOL with a straight face,
Use "Panic" as my wordle guess,
You see my carefully curated stories,
Unaware of the ones I hide from you.
Trained to fake a smile
Faster than the shutter speed.
While living like the protagonist
Of Franz Kafka's dairy adaptation.
Tired of looking through this glass cage.
Aren't you sick of this Digital Age?
Oh, Who am I kidding! You've already moved on,
To double-tap the next thing.
I learned kintsugi so I could fix my favorite broken mug.
The art that meant golden joinery,
Golden repair.
But I never thought about what it meant.
Why would I? I fixed my mug.
Until I broke,
Until I saw cracks within people that I love.
That was the moment I realized
Kintsugi isn't just for fixing ceramics
It is not to say what didn't kill you made you stronger.
It is to show what didn't kill you is now a part of your story.
A significant piece of who you are.
For better or worse,
whether it made you stronger, weaker, or traumatized,
It's. Still. You.
So we pick up the broken pieces of ourselves and the ones we love
And we put it back together with golden glue,
As best as we can.
We assure our loved ones not to conceal their scars
We promise them the glued parts aren't ugly.
That the cracks are now like a golden vein,
a vein through which ichor flows.
The same ichor that Gods bled is now,
Keeping us immortal for a while.
“Anything with the power to make you laugh over thirty years later isn’t a waste of time. I think something like that is very close to immortality.”
— Stephen King, Hearts in Atlantis
(hears a song lyric) this would make a great all-lower case fanfiction title
“Hey,” he said, half-asleep, “what were you before you met me?”
“I think I was drowning.” A pause.
“And what are you now?” he whispered, sinking.
I thought for a second. “Water.”
Why did we collectively agree
that love is stored in our hearts?
Why did no one stand up to argue
that love is within the other person's hands?
Trust me not?
Palm on your forehead late at night,
Checking your temperature.
A reassuring hand on your knee
When you're shaking with anxiety.
A grip around your wrists
While crossing the road.
Calloused fingers suddenly soft
While brushing tears off your cheeks.
Protective arm around your shoulders
when all you want is to lean.
Brush of fingers while passing a dish
Over the dinner table.
I'll cease to exist
When my heart stops beating
But I'll give you that letter with scrawly writings
Only when you pry it from my cold, dead hands.
At that point in my life where I FINALLY understand why people cry when they hear certain songs.
Exhibit A:
Book: *physically hurts to read* Me: *highly recommends*
“Fuck you, my child is completely fine”
YOUR CHILD IS OBSESSED WITH SIX CRIMINALS!