Solar System: Things To Know This Week

Colonel John Glenn...a man in orbit

Un testo di scuola del 1963, in onore di John Glenn (1921-2016)

What a man. John Glenn ❤

Cassini Mission: What’s Next?

It’s Friday, Sept. 15 and our Cassini mission has officially come to a spectacular end. The final signal from the spacecraft was received here on Earth at 7:55 a.m. EDT after a fateful plunge into Saturn’s atmosphere.

After losing contact with Earth, the spacecraft burned up like a meteor, becoming part of the planet itself.

Although bittersweet, Cassini’s triumphant end is the culmination of a nearly 20-year mission that overflowed with discoveries.

But, what happens now?

Mission Team and Data

Now that the spacecraft is gone, most of the team’s engineers are migrating to other planetary missions, where they will continue to contribute to the work we’re doing to explore our solar system and beyond.

Mission scientists will keep working for the coming years to ensure that we fully understand all of the data acquired during the mission’s Grand Finale. They will carefully calibrate and study all of this data so that it can be entered into the Planetary Data System. From there, it will be accessible to future scientists for years to come.

Even beyond that, the science data will continue to be worked on for decades, possibly more, depending on the research grants that are acquired.

Other team members, some who have spent most of their career working on the Cassini mission, will use this as an opportunity to retire.

Future Missions

In revealing that Enceladus has essentially all the ingredients needed for life, the mission energized a pivot to the exploration of “ocean worlds” that has been sweeping planetary science over the past couple of decades.

Jupiter’s moon Europa has been a prime target for future exploration, and many lessons during Cassini’s mission are being applied in planning our Europa Clipper mission, planned for launch in the 2020s.

The mission will orbit the giant planet, Jupiter, using gravitational assists from large moons to maneuver the spacecraft into repeated close encounters, much as Cassini has used the gravity of Titan to continually shape the spacecraft’s course.

In addition, many engineers and scientists from Cassini are serving on the new Europa Clipper mission and helping to shape its science investigations. For example, several members of the Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer team are developing an extremely sensitive, next-generation version of their instrument for flight on Europa Clipper. What Cassini has learned about flying through the plume of material spraying from Enceladus will be invaluable to Europa Clipper, should plume activity be confirmed on Europa.

In the decades following Cassini, scientists hope to return to the Saturn system to follow up on the mission’s many discoveries. Mission concepts under consideration include robotic explorers to drift on the methane seas of Titan and fly through the Enceladus plume to collect and analyze samples for signs of biology.

Atmospheric probes to all four of the outer planets have long been a priority for the science community, and the most recent recommendations from a group of planetary scientists shows interest in sending such a mission to Saturn. By directly sampling Saturn’s upper atmosphere during its last orbits and final plunge, Cassini is laying the groundwork for an potential Saturn atmospheric probe.

A variety of potential mission concepts are discussed in a recently completed study — including orbiters, flybys and probes that would dive into Uranus’ atmosphere to study its composition. Future missions to the ice giants might explore those worlds using an approach similar to Cassini’s mission.

Learn more about the Cassini mission and its Grand Finale HERE.

Follow the mission on Facebook and Twitter for the latest updates.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.

Flying to New Heights With the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission

A mission studying Earth’s magnetic field by flying four identical spacecraft is headed into new territory. 

The Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, or MMS, has been studying the magnetic field on the side of Earth facing the sun, the day side – but now we’re focusing on something else. On February 9, MMS started the three-month-long process of shifting to a new orbit. 

One key thing MMS studies is magnetic reconnection – a process that occurs when magnetic fields collide and re-align explosively into new positions. The new orbit will allow MMS to study reconnection on the night side of the Earth, farther from the sun.

Magnetic reconnection on the night side of Earth is thought to be responsible for causing the northern and southern lights.  

To study the interesting regions of Earth’s magnetic field on the night side, the four MMS spacecraft are being boosted into an orbit that takes them farther from Earth than ever before. Once it reaches its final orbit, MMS will shatter its previous Guinness World Record for highest altitude fix of a GPS.

To save on fuel, the orbit is slowly adjusted over many weeks. The boost to take each spacecraft to its final orbit will happen during the first week of April.

On April 19, each spacecraft will be boosted again to raise its closest approach to Earth, called perigee. Without this step, the spacecraft would be way too close for comfort – and would actually reenter Earth’s atmosphere next winter! 

The four MMS spacecraft usually fly really close together – only four miles between them – in a special pyramid formation called a tetrahedral, which allows us to examine the magnetic environment in three dimensions.

But during orbit adjustments, the pyramid shape is broken up to make sure the spacecraft have plenty of room to maneuver. Once MMS reaches its new orbit in May, the spacecraft will be realigned into their tetrahedral formation and ready to do more 3D magnetic science.

Learn more about MMS and find out what it’s like to fly a spacecraft.

Modifiche in multistrato, indicazioni segnate a penna e si va ad allunare

Andromeda (M31) e Triangolo (M33), le due galassie giganti più vicine alla nostra Via Lattea. Queste, insieme ad una trentina di più "piccole" fanno parte del Gruppo Locale (si stima che il suo diametro sia di 4 milioni di anni luce!)

We’re studying a new method of water recycling and carbon dioxide removal that relies on specific geometric shapes and fluid dynamics, rather than complex machinery, in an effort to help build better life support systems for spacecraft. The research could also teach us more about the water processing approaches we take on Earth. Here, NASA astronaut Jack Fischer, is working with the Capillary Structures for Exploration Life Support (Capillary Structures) investigation capillary sorbent hardware that is made up of 3D printed contractors that are supported by tubing, valves and a pump.

Learn more about how this highly interactive investigation works, and what we could learn from the results HERE.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com

Pale blue dot

"Da questo punto di osservazione, la Terra può non sembrare di particolare interesse. Ma per noi, è diverso. Guardate ancora quel puntino. È qui. È casa. Siamo noi. Su di esso, tutti quelli che amate, tutti quelli di cui avete mai sentito parlare, ogni essere umano che sia mai esistito, hanno vissuto la propria vita. L’insieme delle nostre gioie e dolori, migliaia di presuntuose religioni, ideologie e dottrine economiche, ogni cacciatore e raccoglitore, ogni eroe e codardo, ogni creatore e distruttore di civiltà, ogni re e suddito, ogni giovane coppia innamorata, ogni madre e padre, figlio speranzoso, inventore ed esploratore, ogni predicatore di moralità, ogni politico corrotto, ogni “superstar”, ogni “comandante supremo”, ogni santo e peccatore nella storia della nostra specie è vissuto lì su un granello di polvere sospeso dentro ad un raggio di sole. La Terra è un piccolissimo palco in una vasta arena cosmica. Pensate ai fiumi di sangue versati da tutti quei generali e imperatori affinché, nella gloria ed il trionfo, potessero diventare i signori momentanei di una frazione di un punto. Pensate alle crudeltà senza fine impartite dagli abitanti di un angolo di questo pixel agli abitanti scarsamente distinguibili di qualche altro angolo, quanto frequenti i loro malintesi, quanto smaniosi di uccidersi a vicenda, quanto ferventi i loro odii. Le nostre ostentazioni, la nostra immaginaria autostima, l’illusione che abbiamo una qualche posizione privilegiata nell’Universo, sono messe in discussione da questo punto di luce pallida. Il nostro pianeta è un granellino solitario nel grande, avvolgente buio cosmico. Nella nostra oscurità, in tutta questa vastità, non c’è nessuna indicazione che possa giungere aiuto da qualche altra parte per salvarci da noi stessi. La Terra è l’unico mondo conosciuto che possa ospitare la vita. Non c’è nessun altro posto, per lo meno nel futuro prossimo, dove la nostra specie possa migrare. Visitare, sì. Abitare, non ancora. Che vi piaccia o meno, per il momento la Terra è dove ci giochiamo le nostre carte. È stato detto che l’astronomia è un’esperienza di umiltà e che forma il carattere. Non c’è forse migliore dimostrazione della follia delle vanità umane che questa distante immagine del nostro minuscolo mondo. Per me, sottolinea la nostra responsabilità di occuparci più gentilmente l’uno dell’altro, e di preservare e proteggere il pallido punto blu, l’unica casa che abbiamo mai conosciuto." - Carl Segan sulla foto scattata, come da sua richiesta, dalla sonda Voyager 1, nel 1990, a sei miliardi di chilometri di distanza dalla Terra.  https://www.youtube.com/shared?ci=yAHWgwAPC8o

Inmarsat-5 F4 successfully launched from LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center at 7:21pm EDT May 15. The Falcon 9 deployed the satellite into Geostationary Transfer Orbit 31 minutes and 48 seconds after liftoff.  Since the rocket was flying in its expandable configuration, following main engine cutoff the first stage fell into the Atlantic ocean and was not recovered.  The launch of the Inmarsat mission marked the first time SpaceX began testing countdown procedures for their next major upgrade of the Falcon 9 rocket, the Block IV. Normally, the rocket’s liquid oxygen propellant is loaded into the rocket 45 minutes before launch, ten minutes after RP-1.  For Inmarsat, the LOX was loaded 35 minutes before liftoff. The Block IV variant will see this procedure occur during every countdown. Check out or Inmarsat-5 F4 launch archive here.

P/c: SpaceX.

Google Maps: ora c'è Planets 

Il pianeta nano Plutone

Google Maps ha aggiunto al suo atlante virtuale nuovi mondi da esplorare virtualmente. I pianeti Mercurio e Venere, il pianeta nano Ceres, nove lune di Saturno e Giove e infine Plutone si possono visitare accedendo a Google Planets. La prima tappa è la Stazione spaziale internazionale, per poi fare un tour attraverso gli oggetti più interessanti del Sistema solare